Quite simply a list of command line interface commands that can be used in *nix systems. Many of these commands are similar to DOS commands, and are currently listed below their *nix equivalents, but they may be moved to a more general section as the list grows (with links to this page and a planned page in the Windows section).
Switches can be combined, putting all switches after the hyphen.
The basic commands are listed first, after which will be some more complex strings (towards the end of this page will eventually be more esoteric strings involving less common programs, put here just so I have somewhere I can refer to them).
ls list
$ls # lists contents of directory
$ls -F # appends a forward slash to subdirectory names
$ls -a # shows hidden files (those beginning with a '.'
$ls -l # shows detailed information, includes permissions, owners, size, date last modified
$ls -al # combines -a and -F (?)
(Roughly) equivalent to dir in DOS
cd change directory
$cd <dir> # changes active working directory to <dir>
Equivalent to cd in DOS
pwd print working directory
$pwd # displays current location in directory structure
mkdir make directory
$mkdir <dir> # creates a directory <dir> in current working directory
Equivalent to md or mkdir in DOS
rmdir remove directory
$rmdir <dir> # deletes directory <dir>
Equivalent to rd or rmdir in DOS
cp copy
$cp <file> <newfile> # copies <file> to <newfile>
$cp <dir/file> <newdir/newfile> # copies directory structure with file
Equivalent to copy in DOS
mv move
$mv <file> <newfile> # renames file
$mv <dir/file> <newdir/file> # moves file to new directory
$mv <dir/file> <newdir/newfile> # moves file to new directory and renames file
Equivalent to move and rename in DOS
rm remove
$rm <file> # deletes <file>
Equivalent to del in DOS
grep global regular expression and print
$grep "<foo>" <file> # searches for <foo> inside the file called <file>
& grep "<foo bar>" * # searches for the string <foo bar> inside all files in current working directory
zip
$zip <file.zip> <:foo> <bar> # compresses files <foo> and <bar> into zip format archive file called <file.zip>
Equivalent to pkzip in DOS
unzip
$unzip <file.zip> # extracts files from zip format archive files called <file.zip>
Equivalent to pkunzip in DOS
passwd password
$passwd # causes prompt to change password, entering old password first - password will not be echoed on screen in any way
chmod change mode
$chmod 750 <foo.cgi> # changes permissions for cgi script <foo.cgi> to executable
owner group other
7 = read, write and execute
5 = read, execute (not write)
0 = no access to files
Add the following numbers for which permissions you wish to grant:
1 = execute
2 = write
4 = read
man manual
$man <foo> # prints manual <foo> to screen
-- apropos # what is appropriate find info whereis perl cat /etc/mandrake-release uname -r # returns kernel version startx # starts graphical interface XFdrake # configure graphic card if startx doesn't work soundwrapper frozen-bubble service network restart dhclient locate -i parameters df # checks free space of partitions du cardinfo # sees how the card advertises itself ls -al xterm -e vi & tmpwatch -vs 5 /tmp # cleans up any files older than five hours which aren't currently open and prints a list of deleted files kdirstat # kde? directory? status? urpmi.update --update && urpmi --auto-select --update urpmi.removemedia -a # don't do this as you will lose cd sources urpmi.addmedia --distrib cdrom removable://mnt/cdrom cd /home/sheridan cp -R /mnt/cdrom/* cdrom1 #having inserted disk 1 into cdrom drive update-menus -v # as root lsof -V /dev/tty0 rm /var/lib/rpmrebuilddb.3776/* rmdir /var/lib/rpmrebuilddb.3776 dmesg | grep hdc/CD # finds out about cd errors? mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrom # installing self extracting rpm.bin files chmod +x.bin # as root rpm -Uvh .rpm.bin # alternative ./ .bin # to run sh .bin # to run alternative sh j2re-1_4_2_01-linux-i586-rpm.bin urpmi j2re-1_4_2_01-linux-i586.rpm ln -s /usr/java/j2rel.4.2.01//plugin/ns610/libjavaplugin_oji.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/ cp /etc/samba/smg.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.orig # backup samba configuration files setserial mkinitrd -f mkinitrd -f initrd-2.4.21-0.13mdk.img 2.4.21-0.13mdk urpmi kernel-source urpmi --media main kernel-source rpm -qa | grep top top # shows all processes top -i # shows all non-idle processes shift < # switches which column top sorts by shift > cdrecord -atip dev=0,0,0 # checks cdr manufacturer? if burner is scd0 rpm -qa | grep -i aumix make menuconfig -- dd if=favicon.ico skip=2238 bs=1 (Unix command) -- -- -- tail -f /var/log/messages -- cd public_html mkdir s1 cd s1 -- Checking Server Space Usage You can find out how much space is in use by the www files for your domain by using Telnet to log into your account and then from the Unix prompt, typing the following: du -s /www/htdocs/yourdomain This will give you a report back of the number of kilobytes (k) all files in your www directory add up to. If you have an anonymous FTP area, also check: du -s ~ftp/yourdomain.com To check how much space is being used by files in your home directory, type: du -s $HOME Adding up the results from all three of these commands will give you the total amount of space you are using, but a simpler way of checking all three directories is to type: du * www/* anonftp/* -c You will then see a space report for each directory (-a to see for each file) and at the end, a total. -- df -k # something to do with partitioning? --