The pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. This includes indigineous populations of Canada and South America.
Indian - from 1492. American Indian - variant. Red Indian - considered offensive, British term. Native American - politically correct, though not entirely accurate or exclusive, or even used by American Indians. First Nations - Canadian term, excluding 'Eskimos' and Métis. Alaskan native - includes the 'Eskimo' people. Pueblos indígenas - (Spanish) politically correct, Indigenous Peoples in Latin America. Povos indígenas - (Portuguese) politically correct, Indigenous Peoples in Latin America. indios, índios, indian - Latin America, often used by natives. Amérindien - French. Amerindian - English, used in social sciences for all Native American peoples or cultures collectively. Amerind - abbreviation of Amerindian.
Innu - Labrador/Quebec peninsula Inuit - (once referred to as a subset of the Eskimo people) Yupik - (once referred to as a subset of the Eskimo people) Aleut - (once referred to as a subset of the Eskimo people) Métis - Canada
'native americans'
Classification of Native Americans: United States and Canada
Ethnographers commonly classify the native peoples of the United States and Canada
into ten geographical regions with shared cultural traits.
The following list groups peoples by their region of origin,
followed by the current location.
See the individual article on each tribe for
a history of their movements. The regions are:
Arctic
* Aleut
* Inuit
* Yupik
Subarctic
* Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna)
* Atikamekw
* Babine
* Bearlake
* Beaver
* Carrier
* Chipewyan
* Chilcotin
* Cree
* Degexit'an (Ingalik)
* Dogrib
* Han
* Hare
* Holikachuk
* Innu
* Kaska (Nahane)
* Kolchan (Upper Kuskowim)
* Koyukon
* Kutchin
* Montagnais
* Mountain
* Naskapi
* Nishka
* Ojibwa
* Sekani
* Slavey (Dialects: Hay River, Simpson Providence, Liard, Fort Nelson)
* Tagish
* Tahltan
* Lower Tanana
* Middle Tanana
* Upper Tanana
* Tanacross
* Tanaina (Dialects: Outer Inlet, Upper Inlet, Iliama, Inland, Kachemak Bay, Kenai,
Susitna River)
* Inland Tlingit
* Tsetsaut
* Tsimishian
* Northern Tutchone
* Southern Tutchone
* Wet'suweten
* Yellowknife
California
* Achomawi
* Antoniaño
* Atsugewi
* Bear River
* Cahuilla
* Campo
* Chukchansi
* Chumash (Dialects: Roseño, Purisimeño, Barbareño, Inezeño, Ventureño, Obispeño,
Santa Paula, Cruzeño, Emigdiano Allilik)
* Chilula
* Chimariko
* Costanoan (Dialects: Ramaytush, San Jose, Juichen, Chocheño, Tamyen, Awaswas,
Chalon, Mutsun, Rumsen)
* Cupeño
* Diegueño
* Esselen
* Fernandeño
* Gabrieliño
* Giamina
* Huchnom
* Hupa
* Ipai
* Jamul
* Juaneño
* Kamia
* Karok
* Kato
* Kiliwa
* Kitanemuk
* Konomihu
* Konkow
* Kumeyaay
* Lassik
* Luiseño
* Maidu
* Mattole
* Me-wuk
* Mesa Grande
* Migueleño
* Mission Indians
* Miwok
* Modoc
* Mohave
* Monache
* Nakipa
* Nisenan
* Nomlaki
* Nongatl
* Ohlone
* Paipai (Akwa'ala)
* Patwin
* Pit River Indians
* Pomo
* Salinan
* San Clemente
* San Nicolas
* Santa Catalina
* Serrano
* Shasta tribe
* Sinkyone
* Tache
* Tachi tribe
* Tataviam
* Tipai
* Tolowa
* Tongva
* Tsnungwe
* Tubatulabal
* Wailaki
* Wappo
* Whilkut
* Wintun
* Wiyot
* Yahi
* Yana
* Yocha Dehe
* Yokuts
* Yuki
* Coast Yuki
* Yurok
Eastern Woodlands
* Abenaki (Wabenaki) Vermont
* Accohannock Maryland
* Algonquian lower Saint Lawrence River
* Beothuk formerly Newfoundland, no longer exist
* Caniba
* Conoy
* Erie
* Etchemin
* Fox
* Ho-Chunk
* Huron north and east of Lake Ontario
* Illinois (Illini) Illinois
* Iroquois New York
o Cayuga
o Mohawk
o Oneida
o Onondaga
o Seneca
o Tuscarora
* Kickapoo Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas
* Laurentian
* Lenni-Lenape Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, now Oklahoma
* Loup A
* Loup B
* Mahican (Dialects: Moravian, Stockbridge)
* Maliseet Maine and New Brunswick, Canada
* Mascouten
* Massachusett Massachusetts
* Menominee
* Mi'kmaq Maine and Atlantic Canada
* Miami Indiana, now Oklahoma
* Mingo Pennsylvania, Ohio
* Mohegan
* Mohican (Mohegan) Connecticut
* Montauk New York
* Munsee
* Nanticoke
* Narragansett Rhode Island
* Natick
* Neutral
* Nipissing
* Nipmuc Massachusetts
* Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishaabe) Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Montana)
* Oji-Cree
* Ottawa
* Paugusset Connecticut
* Passamaquoddy Maine
* Penobscot Maine
* Peoria Illinois, now Oklahoma
* Pequot Connecticut
* Petun
* Pocumtuk
* Poospatuck New York
* Potawatomi Michigan
* Powhatan Virginia
* Quiripi
* Ramapough Mountain Indians New Jersey
* Hopewell Ohio and Black River region
* Sauk
* Saulteaux
* Secotan
* Shawnee Ohio, Pennsylvania [most ended up in Oklahoma]
* Shinnecock New York
* Souriquoian
* Susquahannock
* Unalachtigo
* Unami
* Unquachog
* Wampanoag Massachusetts
* Wappinger
* Wawenoc
* Wea
* Wenro
* Wyandot Oklahoma from Ohio, originally Ontario
Great Basin
* Bannock
* Chemehuevi
* Gosiute Utah
* Kawaiisu
* Koso
* Mono
* Owen's Valley
* Northern Paiute California, Nevada, Oregon [Burns-Paiute], Arizona
* Southern Paiute (Kaibab)
* Panamint
* Paviotso
* Shoshone (Shoshoni) Nevada, Wyoming, California
* Wind River Shoshone
* Tümpisa
* Ute Utah, Colorado
* Washo Nevada, California
Plateau
* Cayuse Oregon
* Celilo (Wayampam)
* Upper Chinookan (Dialects: Clackamas, Cascades, Hood River Wasco, Wishram Kathlamet,
Wishram, Cathlamet, Multnomah,
* Columbian (Dialects: Wenatchee, Sinkayuse, Chelan)
* Coeur d'Alene Idaho
* Colville Washington
* Upper Cowlitz
* Flatbow
* Flathead
* Fountain
* John Day
* Kalispel Washington
* Kittitas
* Klamath
* Klikitat Washington
* Lakes
* Lillooet
* Lower Snake (Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam)
* Modoc
* Molala (Molale) Oregon
* Kootenay (Kutenai) Idaho
* Nez Perce Idaho
* Nicola
* Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan)
* Okanagan (Dialects: Northern and Southern)
* Palouse (Palus)
* Pend'Oreille
* Rock Creek
* Sahaptin
* Sanpoil
* Shuswap
* Spokane Washington
* Tenino
* Thompson
* Tygh
* Tygh Valley
* Umatilla Oregon
* Walla Walla Oregon
* Wanapum
* Wasco Oregon
* Yakima Washington
Northwest Coast
* Alsea
* Applegate
* Bella Bella
* Bella Coola
* Calapooia or Calapuya, see Kalapuya
* Chasta Costa
* Chehalis (Upper and Lower) Washington
* Chemakum Washington
* Chetco
* Chilliwak
* Chinook Dialects: (Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco)
* Chinook Jargon
* Clatsop
* Clatskanie (Tlatskanie)
* Comox
* Coos {Hanis} Oregon
* Lower Coquille (Miluk) Oregon
* Upper Coquille
* Cowichan
* Lower Cowlitz Washington
* Duwamish Washington
* Eyak Alaska
* Galice
* Haida (Dialects: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset) Alaska
* Haihai
* Haisla
* Halkomelem
* Heiltsuk
* Hoh Washington
* North Kalapuya (Dialects: Yamhill or Yamel, Tualatin or Tfalati or Atfalati)
* Central Kalapuya (Dialects: Santiam, Mary's River, Lakmiut, Ahantchuyuk,
Lower McKenzie or Mohawk)
* South Kalapuya (Yonkalla or Yoncalla)
* Kimsquit
* Kitimat
* Klallam (Clallam,Dialects: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown),
S'Klallam (Port Gamble))
* Klemtu
* Klickitat
* Koskimo
* Kwalhioqua
* Kwakiutl (Kwakwala or Kwakwa'kwa'kw)
* Kwalhioqua
* Kwantlem
* Kwatami
* Upper Illinois or (Rogue River) Oregon, California
* Lummi Washington
* Lushootseed
* Makah Washington
* Muckleshoot Washington
* Musqueam
* Nanaimo
* Niskwalli
* Nooksack Washington
* Nisqually Washington
* Pentlatch
* Puyallup Washington
* Quileute Washington
* Quinault Washington
* Rivers Inlet
* Saanich
* Samish
* Sauk-Suiattle Washington
* Sechelt
* Shoalwater Bay Tribe Washington
* Siletz Oregon
* Siuslaw Oregon
* Skagit
* Skokomish Washington
* Sliammon
* Snohomish
* Songish
* Sooke
* Squaxin Island Tribe Washington
* Spokane Washington
* Stillaguamish Washington
* Squamish Washington
* Swinomish Washington
* Tait
* Takelma Oregon
* Talio
* Tillamook (Nehalem) Oregon
* Tlatlasikoala
* Tlingit Alaska
* Tolowa-Tututni
* Tsimshian (Dialects: Hartley Bay, Prince Rupert, Gitando, Kitkatla)
* Tulalip Washington
* Twana
* Lower Umpqua Oregon
* Upper Umpqua Oregon
* Upper Skagit Washington
* Wikeno
* Yaquina
Plains
* Aranama
* Arapaho Wyoming, Oklahoma
* Arikara (aka Arikaree or Ree) North Dakota
* Assiniboine Montana [Ft. Peck Indian Reservation: Assiniboine and Lakota (Sioux) ]
* Atsina
* Besawunena
* Blackfeet (Dialects: Blackfoot, Blood, Piegan) Montana
* Brule
* Caddo
* Cheyenne Montana, South Dakota; Oklahoma
* Chickasaw Oklahoma
* Comanche Oklahoma
* Crow (Absaroka or Apsáalooke) Montana, South Dakota
* Plains Cree Montana
* Dakota
* Gros Ventre
* Hasinai
* Hidatsa North Dakota
* Iowa (Ioway) Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma
* Karankawa Texas
* Kaw (Kansa) Oklahoma
* Kiowa Oklahoma
* Kiowa Apache Oklahoma
* Kitsai
* Lakota (Sioux) South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska
* Lipan
* Mandan North Dakota
* Missouri (Missouria) Missouri
* Nawathinehena
* Oglala
* Plains Ojibwe
* Omaha Nebraska
* Mississaugas
* Osage Oklahoma
* Otoe (Oto) Oklahoma
* Ottawa Michigan; Oklahoma
* Pawnee (Dialects: South Band, Skiri) Oklahoma
* Piegan
* Ponca Nebraska, Oklahoma
* Quapaw (Arkansas) Arkansas, Oklahoma
* Santee
* Sarsi (Sarcee)
* Sauk (originally Great Lakes now Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa
* Siksika
* Sioux (Lakota, Dakota, Nakota) Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota)
* Stoney
* Tamique
* Teton
* Tonkawa Oklahoma
* Wichita Oklahoma [Affiliated Tribes - Wichita, Waco, Tawakoni, Keechi]
* Wyandot Ontario, Michigan
* Yankton
* Yanktonai
Southeast
* Adai
* Ais Florida
* Akokisa
* Alabama Alabama
* Apalachee Florida
* Atakapa
* Bidai
* Biloxi Mississippi
* Caddo Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas
* Calusa Florida
* Catawba South Carolina
* Chatot
* Chawasha
* Cherokee North Carolina; later Oklahoma
* Chiaha
* Chickahominy Virginia
* Chickamauga
* Chickasaw Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, later Oklahoma
* Chitimacha Louisiana
* Choctaw Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama; later Oklahoma
* Creek Alabama; Oklahoma, Georgia
* Coushatta Louisiana
* Coharie North Carolina
* Cusabo
* Hitchiti
* Houma Louisiana
* Iswa
* Jeaga Florida
* Koasati
* Lumbee North Carolina
* Mattaponi Virginia
* Meherrin North Carolina
* Mikasuki Florida
* Mobile
* Mocama
* Monacan Virginia
* Nansemond Virginia
* Natchez Mississippi, Louisiana
* Nottoway
* Ofo
* Pamlico (Carolina)
* Pamunkey Virginia
* Pee Dee South Carolina, North Carolina
* Pensacola
* Rappahannock Virginia
* Saponi
* Seminole Florida; Oklahoma
* Taensa
* Tawasa
* Tekesta Florida
* Timucua (Utina) Florida
* Topachula Florida
* Tuskegee
* Tutelo
* Tunica Mississippi
* Waccamaw North Carolina, South Carolina
* Woccon
* Yamasee
* Yuchi
Southwest
* Acoma
* Ak Chin Arizona
* Apache Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma
* Chiricahua
* Cochimi Baja California
* Cochiti
* Cocopa Arizona
* Halchidhoma
* Hano
* Havasupai Arizona
* Hohokam Arizona
* Hopi Arizona
* Isleta
* Isleta del Sur
* Jemez
* Jicarilla
* Jumano
* Karankawa
* Kavelchadhom
* Keres
* Laguna
* Los Luceros
* Maricopa
* Mescalero Apache
* Mohave
* Nambe
* Navaho Arizona, New Mexico
* Opata
* Pecos
* Pericu Baja California
* Picuris
* Pima Arizona
* Pima Bajo
* Piro
* Pueblo people New Mexico
* Qahatika
* Quechan Arizona
* Sandia (Nafiat was the name for the Bernalillo pueblo)
* San Carlos
* San Felipe
* San Idelfonso
* San Juan
* Santa Ana
* Santa Clara
* Santo Domingo
* Seri
* Suma
* Taos
* Tesuque
* Tewa
* Tigua
* Toboso
* Tohono O'odham (Papago) Arizona
* Northern Tonto
* Southern Tonto
* Waicuri (Guaicura) Baja California
* Walapai
* White Mountain
* Yavapai Arizona
* Yuma (Quechan)
* Zia
* Zuni
Classification – Central and South America
Indians of Central and South America are generally classified by language, environment,
and cultural similarities.
Caribbean
* Arawak
o Taino
o Lucayan
* Carib
* Ciboney
* Kuna
Mesoamerica
* Aztec
* Huastec
* Lenca
* Maya
o Mam
o Quiché
* Mazatec
* Mixtec
* Olmec
* Tarascan
* Teotihuacan
* Toltec
* Totonac
* Zapotec
Andean
* Quechua
* Aymara
* Diaguita
* Atacameño
* Saraguro
Sub-Andean
* Panoan
* Jivaro
Western Amazon
* Tukanoan
Central Amazon
* Arawak
* Tupian
Eastern and Southern Amazon
* Ge
o Bororo
* Tupian
o Guarani Paraguay
Southern Cone
* Araucanian (Mapuche)
* Puelche
* Tehuelche
* Yamana
* Kaweshkar
* Selknam
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_of_Native_Americans"
Canadian First Nations
Pacific Coast
* Clayoquot
* Cowichan
* Coast Salish
* Hesquiat
* Koskimo
* Kutenai
* Kwakiutl
* Nanaimo
* Nisga'a
* Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth) Vancouver Island
* Songish
* Sooke
* Tsimshian
[edit]
Plains First Nations
* Anishinabe
* Assiniboine
* Beaver
* Blood
* Chipewyan
* Peigan
* Plains-Cree
* Plains-Ojibwa
* Sarsi
* Siksika (Blackfoot)
* Sioux
* Stoney
* Tsuu T'ina
[edit]
Northeast Woodlands
* Cree
* Ojibwe
o Mississauga
* Ottawa (Odawa)
* Saulteaux
* Innu (Montaignais and Naskapi)
* Atlantic Provinces
* Innu (Labrador)
* Beothuk
* Maliseet
* Mi'kmaq (Micmac)
[edit]
St. Lawrence
* Huron
* Iroquois
o Cayuga
o Mohawk
o Oneida
o Onondaga
o Seneca
o Tuscarora
* Munsee branch of the Lenape (Delawares)
[edit]
Arctic Canada
* Dene
o Chipewyan
o Tli Cho
o Slavey
o Sahtu